Mohammad Emami Niri

Assistant Professor

Update: 2024-11-21

Mohammad Emami Niri

College of Engineering / Chemical Engineering

Journal Paper

  1. "Spatially resolved air quality index prediction in megacities with a CNN-Bi-LSTM hybrid framework"
    Reza Rabie, Milad Asghari, Hossein Nosrati, Mohammad Emami Niri, Saeed Karimi
    Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 109, No 105537, 2024
  2. "Development of a new hydraulic electric index for rock typing in carbonate reservoirs"
    Milad Mohammadi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Abbas Bahrodi, Aboozar Soleymanzadeh, Shahin Kord
    Scientific Reports, Vol. 14, 2024
  3. "Lattice Boltzmann simulation of cross-linked polymer gel injection in porous media"
    Elahe Kamel Targhi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Mohammadreza Rasaei, Pacelli L. J. Zitha
    Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, Vol. -, pp.1-19, 2024
  4. "An ensemble-based machine learning solution for imbalanced multiclass dataset during lithology log generation"
    Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Gohari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Saeid Sadeghnejad, Javad Ghiasi-Freez
    Scientific Reports, Vol. 13, No 1, 2023
  5. "Effects of diagenetic processes on the velocity evolution in carbonate reservoirs"
    Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Mohammad Reza Saberi
    Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, Vol. 9, No 1, 2023
  6. "Machine learning-based white-box prediction and correlation analysis of air pollutants in proximity to industrial zones"
    Saeed Karimi, Milad Asghari, Reza Rabie, Mohammad Emami Niri
    PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, Vol. 178, No 2023, pp.1009-1025, 2023
  7. "Manipulating the loss calculation to enhance the training process of physics-informed neural networks to solve the 1D wave equation"
    Hossein Nosrati, Mohammad Emami Niri
    ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS, Vol. 39, No 5, 2023
  8. "Synthetic Graphic Well Log Generation Using an Enhanced Deep Learning Workflow: Imbalanced Multiclass Data, Sample Size, and Scalability Challenges"
    Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Gohari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Saeid Sadeghnejad, Javad Ghiasi-Freez
    SPE JOURNAL, Vol. 28, No 6, pp.1-20, 2023
  9. "Design of Artificial Neural Network for predicting the reduction in permeability of porous media as a result of polymer gel injection"
    Elahe Kamel Targhi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Pacelli L.J. Zitha
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 227, No 211925, 2023
  10. "Seismic Data Integration Workflow in Pluri-Gaussian Simulation: Application to a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir in Southwestern Iran"
    Mohammadali Rezaei, Mohammad Emami Niri, Omid Asghari, Sajjad Talesh Hosseini, Xavier Emery
    Natural Resources Research, Vol. 32, No 4, 2023
  11. "A multiple-input deep residual convolutional neural network for reservoir permeability prediction"
    Milad Masroor, Mohammad Emami Niri, MohammadHassan Sharifinasab
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 222, No 211420, 2023
  12. "Developing GAN-boosted Artificial Neural Networks to model the rate of drilling bit penetration"
    MohammadHassan Sharifinasab, Mohammad Emami Niri, Milad Masroor
    APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, Vol. 136, No 110067, 2023
  13. "Assessment of the impact of noise magnitude and bandwidth variations on a probabilistic inversion of reflection seismic data"
    Hamed Heidari, Rasmus Bodker Madsen, Hamed Amini, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Mohammad Emami Niri, Navid Amini
    GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Vol. 71, No 3, 2023
  14. "A Data-Driven Proxy Modeling Approach Adapted to Well Placement Optimization Problem"
    Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Shahram Amini, Yousef Haghshenas
    JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol. 145, No 1, 2022
  15. "Construction of 2D and 3D rock physics templates for quantitative prediction of physical properties of a carbonate reservoir in SW of Iran"
    Forouzan Rahmani, Mohammad Emami Niri, Golnaz Jozanikohan
    Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, Vol. 13, No 1, 2022
  16. "Economic optimization of enhanced geothermal systems using a fully analytical temperature profile"
    Mozhdeh Sajjadi, Mohamad hasan Javadi, Zahra AshorZadeh, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Energy Sources Part B-Economics Planning and Policy, Vol. 17, No 1, 2022
  17. "Application of machine and deep learning techniques to estimate NMR-derived permeability from conventional well logs and artificial 2D feature maps"
    Milad Masroor, Mohammad Emami Niri, Amir Hossein Rajabi Ghozloo, MohammadHassan Sharifinasab, Mozhdeh Sajjadi
    Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, Vol. 12, No 6, pp.1-17, 2022
  18. "Single-step probabilistic inversion of 3D seismic data of a carbonate reservoir in Southwest Iran"
    Hamed Heidari, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Hamed Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri, Rasmus Bodker Madsen, Navid Amini
    GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 87, No 2, pp.1-48, 2022
  19. "Investigating the capability of data-driven proxy models as solution for reservoir geological uncertainty quantification"
    Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi, Hossein Haddadpor, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 205, No 108860, 2021
  20. "Pore-type identification of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir using rock physics principles: a case study from south-west Iran"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Fariba Mehmandoost, Hossein Nosrati
    Acta Geophysica, Vol. -, pp.1-16, 2021
  21. "Uncertainty assessment in reservoir performance prediction using a two-stage clustering approach: proof of concept and field application"
    Hossein Haddadpor, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 204, 2021
  22. "Improving permeability estimation of carbonate rocks using extracted pore network parameters: a gas field case study"
    Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Gohari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Javad Ghiasi-Freez
    Acta Geophysica, Vol. -, pp.1-19, 2021
  23. "A Further Investigation on the Application of Critical Pore Size as an Approach for Reservoir Rock Typing"
    Mohsen Faramarzi Palangar, Behnam Sedaee, Mohammad Emami Niri
    JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol. 144, No 11, pp.1-32, 2021
  24. "A physically-supported data-driven proxy modeling based on machine learning classification methods: Application to water front movement prediction"
    Yousef Haghshenas, Mohammad Emami Niri, Shahram Amini, Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 196, 2021
  25. "Rock physics analysis and modelling using well logs and seismic data for characterising a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir in SW of Iran"
    Arash Johari, Mohammad Emami Niri
    EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 51, No 2, pp.1-16, 2020
  26. "Reservoir lithofacies modeling using well logs and seismic data based on Sequential Indicator Simulations and Probability Perturbation Method in a Bayesian framework"
    Mohamadreza Shad Salanghouch, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Geopersia, Vol. 11, No 1, 2020
  27. "Calibration of two rock-frame models using deterministic and probabilistic approaches: Application to a carbonate reservoir in south-west Iran"
    Akbar Heidari, Navid Amini, Hamed Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri, Andrea Zunino, Thomas Mejer Hansen
    Geoenergy Sicence and Engineering, Vol. 192, 2020
  28. "Developing grid-based smart proxy model to evaluate various water flooding injection scenarios"
    Yousef Haghshenas, Mohammad Emami Niri, Shahram Amini, Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi
    PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 38, No 8, pp.1-12, 2020
  29. "Improving Forecast Uncertainty Quantification by Incorporating Production History and Using a Modified Ranking Method of Geostatistical Realizations"
    Kazem Monfaredi, Mohammad Emami Niri, Behnam Sedaee
    JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol. 142, No 9, 2020
  30. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 1: Geomodel building"
    Jeffrey Shragge, Julien Bourget, David Lumley, Jeremie Giraud, Thomas Wilson, Afzal Iqbal, Mohammad Emami Niri, Beau Whitney, Toby Potter, Taka Miyoshi, Benjamin Witten
    INTERPRETATION-A JOURNAL OF SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, Vol. 7, No 4, 2019
  31. "The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 2: Seismic validation"
    Jeffrey Shragge, David Lumley, Julien Bourget, Toby Potter, Taka Miyoshi, Benjamin Witten, Jeremie Giraud, Thomas Wilson, Afzal Iqbal, Mohammad Emami Niri, Beau Whitney
    INTERPRETATION-A JOURNAL OF SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, Vol. 7, No 4, 2019
  32. "Sensitivity analysis of time lapse gravity for monitoring fluid saturation changes in a giant multi-phase gas reservoir located in south of Iran"
    abdolmalak khosravi, Seyed-hani Motavalli-anbaran, Sajjad Sarallah Zabihi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, Vol. 44, No 4, pp.53-61, 2019
  33. "3D and 4D Seismic Data Integration in Static and Dynamic Reservoir Modeling: A Review"
    Mohammad Emami Niri
    Journal of petroleum science and technology, Vol. 8, No 2, pp.38-56, 2018
  34. "Metaheuristic optimization approaches to predict shear-wave velocity from conventional well logs in sandstone and carbonate case studies"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi, Mohammad Khodaiy Arbat, Mahdi Shahbazi
    Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 15, No 3, pp.1071-1083, 2018
  35. "3D modeling of geomechanical elastic properties in a carbonate-sandstone reservoir: A comparative study of geostatistical co-simulation methods"
    Mohsen Nazari Ostad, Mohammad Emami Niri, Mohsen Darjani
    Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 2018, No 16, pp.1-13, 2018
  36. "Initialising reservoir models for history matching using pre-production 3D seismic data: constraining methods and uncertainties"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS, 2017
  37. "Estimation of subsurface geomodels by multi-objective stochastic optimization"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 129, No 129, pp.187-199, 2016
  38. "Probabilistic Reservoir-Property Modeling Jointly Constrained by 3D-Seismic Data and Hydraulic-Unit Analysis"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING, Vol. 19, No 2, pp.253-264, 2016
  39. "Simultaneous optimization of multiple objective functions for reservoir modeling"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 80, No 5, 2015
  40. "Effect of Fracture Geometric Properties on Fluid Flow and Dynamic Characteristics in Fractured Reservoirs"
    Ali Sobhani Oghaz, Mohammad Emami Niri
    journal of Petroleum Research, Vol. 32, No 6, pp.49-64, 2023
  41. "Application of pore type tomography in reconstruction of carbonate reservoir evolution, Kangan and Dalan formations in the central Persian Gulf"
    Foad Sajadi, Vahid Tavakoli, Ebrahim Sfidari, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Geology of Iran, Vol. 15, No 59, 2021
  42. "Reservoir facies modeling using stochastic inversion and probability perturbation method"
    Mohamad Kamalghariby, Abdolrahim Javaherian, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Applied Geophysical Research, Vol. 7, No 3, pp.279-297, 2021
  43. "Investigating the Effect of Facies Modeling and Seismic Data Integrating on Reducing the Uncertainty of Porosity Simulation in One of Iranꞌs Carbonate Reservoirs"
    Mohammad Ali Rezaee, Omid Asghari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Reza Mohebian
    Journal of petroleum science and technology, Vol. 31, No 117, 2021
  44. "Feasibility study of probabilistic seismic inversion to porosity for a carbonate reservoir"
    Akbar Heidari, نوید امینی, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Hamed Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Iranian Journal of Geophysics (IJG), Vol. 15, No 1, pp.105-123, 2021
  45. "Updating static reservoir models based on seismic matching loop approach"
    Mohamadreza Shad Salanghouch, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Applied Geophysical Research, Vol. 6, No 2, pp.207-217, 2020
  46. "Rock physics modeling in carbonate rocks - review of theoretical models and a case study"
    Fariba Mehmandoost, Mohammad Emami Niri, Soheila Aslani
    Journal of Petroleum Geomechanics, Vol. 3, No 4, pp.90-108, 2020
  47. "Reduction of harmonic distortion of vibrator sweep using a constant phase shift in Ahwaz oil field"
    مهدی پاریاب, حسام شینی کیماسی, Mohammad Emami Niri
    journal of expoduction oil and gas, Vol. 1398, No 170, pp.3-8, 2019
  48. "Low-resistivity Low-contrast hydrocarbon reservoirs – A review on the main causes and methods of analysis"
    Yousef Haghshenas, Mohammad Emami Niri
    journal of expoduction oil and gas, Vol. 1398, No 164, pp.86-93, 2019
  49. "Application of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Estimation of Reservoir Rock Physics Properties"
    Mohammad Khodaiy Arbat, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Applied Geophysical Research, Vol. 5, No 1, pp.165-176, 2019
  50. "Rock Physics Modeling in Sandstone Reservoirs – Review of Theoretical Models and a Field Example"
    Mohammad Emami Niri
    Journal of Petroleum Geomechanics, Vol. 1, No 2, pp.70-81, 2018
  51. "Implementing the teaching-learning based optimization algorithm to predict shear wave velocity from well logs in sandstone and carbonate case studies"
    Rasool Amiri Kolajoobi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Journal of Petroleum Geomechanics, Vol. 1, No 2, pp.82-95, 2018

Conference Paper

  1. "Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Stresses on Hydraulic Fracturing in Geothermal Reservoirs"
    Abolfazl GHADIMI, Mozhdeh Sajjadi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Interpore 2024, 2024
  2. "Implementation of a hybrid encoder-decoder structure to segment 2D micro-CT images of Sandstones"
    Amir Hossein Rajabi Ghozloo, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Interpore 2023, 2023
  3. "A sensitivity analysis of the performance of geothermal heat exchangers implemented in abandoned oil and gas wells"
    Yasin Ahmadpoor, Mozhdeh Sajjadi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Interpore 2023, 2023
  4. "Accurate and fast rock image segmentation using U-net with a Mobile-net backbone"
    Marzieh Ghadimi Mahanipour, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Interpore 2023, 2023
  5. "Investigating the Effects of Reservoir Properties and Diagenetic Features on Carbonates Velocity Variations: A Case Study"
    Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Reza Saberi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2022
  6. "Application of a Multiple-Input Deep Neural Network for Estimation of Reservoir Permeability"
    Milad Masroor, Mohammad Emami Niri, Amir Hossein Rajabi Ghozloo, MohammadHassan Sharifinasab
    83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2022
  7. "Developing a Gan-Boosted Mlp Model for Prediction of the Drilling Rate of Penetration"
    MohammadHassan Sharifinasab, Mohammad Emami Niri, Amir Hossein Rajabi Ghozloo, Milad Masroor
    83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2022
  8. "Examining Different Noise Scenarios for the Probabilistic Inversion of Seismic Data"
    Akbar Heidari, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Navid Amini, Hamed Amini, Rasmus Madsen, Mohammad Emami Niri
    82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2021
  9. "Direct Bayesian seismic inversion for porosity estimation in a hard rock carbonate reservoir"
    Akbar Heidari, Navid Amini, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Hamed Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri
    82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2021
  10. "Application Of Xu-White And Critical Porosity Models To A Carbonate Reservoir Using An Optimization Algorithm"
    Akbar Heidary, Navid Amini, Hamed Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri
    ECMOR XVI - 16th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, 2018
  11. "Targeted Noise Attenuation - A Method to Suppress High Amplitude Noise in Seismic Data"
    Hossein Alee Daneshvar, Mohammad Emami Niri, Yahya Moradi Chaleshtori
    78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, 2016
  12. "Integrating 3D seismic data and hydraulic units to improve reservoir property models"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    ASEG-PESA 2015: 24th International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, 2015
  13. "Multi-objective optimization for reservoir modelling and seismic data matching: proof of concept and field application"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    ASEG-PESA 2015: 24th International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, 2015
  14. "A multi-objective optimization method for creating reservoir models that simultaneously match seismic and geologic data"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    84th SEG Annual Meeting, 2014
  15. "Probabilistic Reservoir Property Modelling Jointly Constrained by 3D Seismic Data and Hydraulic Unit Analysis"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference, 2014
  16. "Reservoir Model Estimation by Simultaneous Optimization of Multiple Objective Functions"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    76th EAGE Conference, 2014
  17. "Uncertainty analysis in quantitative integration of inverted 3D seismic data for static reservoir modeling"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    13th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2013
  18. "A multi-objective stochastic optimization approach for estimation of subsurface geomodels"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    ASEG-PESA 2013: 23rd International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, 2013
  19. "Initializing Dynamic Reservoir Models for History Matching using Preproduction 3D Seismic Data"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, David Lumley
    International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2013
  20. "Seismic Velocity - Reservoir Permeability Relations within Hydraulic Units in an Oil Field Southwest Iran"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Ali Misaghi
    Shiraz2009: First International Petroleum Conference & Exhibition, 2009
  21. "A hybrid rock physics model for reservoir characterization based on hydraulic units"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Ali Misaghi
    CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition, 2009
  22. "An Intelligent model based on LSTM to predict water saturation from conventional well logs"
    Ali Goharinejad, Mohammad Emami Niri
    The Fourth National Conference on Data Mining in Earth Sciences, 2024
  23. "An intelligent method to predict water saturation in a carbonate gas reservoir by combining 1D-CNN and XGBoost"
    Ali Goharinejad, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Artificial intelligence, data science and digital transformation conference in the oil and gas industry, 2023
  24. "Sonic log prediction using drilling real time data based on Extreme gradient boosting"
    Mohsen Archandani, Mohammad Emami Niri
    Artificial intelligence, data science and digital transformation conference in the oil and gas industry, 2023
  25. "Synthetic graphic well logs generation via Cost-Sensitive Learning"
    Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Gohari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Javad Ghiasi-Freez, سعید صادق نژاد
    20th Iranian Geophysics Conference, 2022
  26. "Application of deep learning algorithms to analyze and predict production data in hydrocarbon reservoirs"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Milad Masroor
    The 2nd national conference on the recent advances in data engineering, knowledge engineering and soft computing, 2022
  27. "Production Data Analysis to Predict Well Performance Using Machine-Learning Technique"
    Saeed Farhadi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    The second national conference on data mining in Earth Sciences, 2021
  28. "Proposing an efficient method for estimation of permeability of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks using well logging data based on data science and intelligent systems"
    Milad Masroor, Amir Hossein Rajabi Ghozloo, Mohammad Emami Niri
    National Conference on the Recent advances on data and knowledge engineering, and soft computing, 2021
  29. "Comparison of physics-based, machine learning, and deep learning methods to predict the rate of drilling bit penetration in oil wells"
    MohammadHassan Sharifinasab, Mohammad Emami Niri
    National Conference on the Recent advances on data and knowledge engineering, and soft computing, 2021
  30. "RPTs construction for pore type characterization in a carbonate reservoir"
    Forouzan Rahmani, Mohammad Emami Niri, Golnaz Jozanikohan
    19th Iranian Geophysics Conference, 2020
  31. "Updating static reservoir models based on seismic matching loop approach"
    Mohamadreza Shad Salanghouch, Mohammad Emami Niri
    19th Iranian Geophysics Conference, 2020
  32. "Automation of oil and gas wells correlation using signal processing of well log data"
    Mohammad Saleh Jamshidi Gohari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Javad Ghiasi-Freez
    8th Iranian Mining Engineering Conference, 2020
  33. "Uncertainty quantification of porosity in hydrocarbon reservoirs using k-means clustering and distances"
    Hossein Haddadpor, Mohammad Emami Niri, Behzad Rostami
    The 8th national conference on new research in chemical science and engineering, 2019
  34. "1D geomechanical modeling of an oil reservoir in SW of Iran to predict well-bore stability"
    Babak Yousefi Sadat, Mohammad Emami Niri
    The 8th national conference on new research in chemical science and engineering, 2019
  35. "Rock Physics Evaluation and Modeling in a Sandstone Reservoir in South-West of Iran"
    Arash Johari, Mohammad Emami Niri, Gholam Hosein Nourouzi Baghkemeh
    3rd national conference on Petroleum Geomechanics, 2019
  36. "Geostatistical Modeling of Geomechanical Elastic Moduli Using Well and Seismic Data"
    Mohsen Darjani, Omid Asghari, Ali Moradzadeh, Mohammad Emami Niri, Mohsen Nazari Ostad
    2nd National Conference on Petroleum Geomechanics, 2017
  37. "cross-property relations between electrical resistivity and seismic velocity"
    Hojjat Ghorbanian, Navid Amini, Mohammad Emami Niri
    20th symposium of the geologcial society of Iran, 2016
  38. "Feasibility study of utilizing 4D gravity method in a gas field in South of Iran"
    Abdolmalek Khosravi, Seyed-hani Motavalli-anbaran, Sajjad Sarallah Zabihi, Mohammad Emami Niri
    17th Iranian Geophysical Conference, 2016
  39. "AVO Analysis for Direct Hydrocarbon Detection in field X at Persian Gulf"
    Mohammad Emami Niri, Mohammad Ali Riahi, Gholam Hosein Nourouzi Baghkemeh
    12th Iranian geophysical conference, 2006